Abstract
The fracture porosity of continental crust is normally saturated with an aqueous fluid. This fluid is used for transferring thermal energy from the hot depth to the cold surface for various uses. The chemical composition of this natural heat transfer fluid depends on the predominant (reactive) rock type of the thermal reservoir and its changes along the circulation pathway. Most deep fluids are saline brines with the major components NaCl and CaCl2. Typical deep fluids contain between 1 and 4 molal NaCl equivalents corresponding to a total of dissolved solids (TDS) in the range of 60 to 270 g L−1. The chemical composition of the fluid has a number of consequences for geothermal exploration and also for the later operation of a power plant that will be briefly explored in this Chap. 15.
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