Abstract
The constantly growing bacterial resistance against antibiotics is recently causing serious problems in the field of human and veterinary medicine as well as in agriculture. The mechanisms of resistance formation and its preventions are not well explored in most bacterial genera. The aim of this review is to analyse recent literature data on the principles of antibiotic resistance formation in bacteria of the Enterococcus genus. Furthermore, the habitat of the Enterococcus genus, its pathogenicity and pathogenicity factors, its epidemiology, genetic and molecular aspects of antibiotic resistance, and the relationship between these bacteria and bowel diseases are discussed. So-called VREfm – vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium and its currently rapidly growing resistance as well as the significance of these bacteria in nosocomial diseases is described.
Highlights
Enterococci have become the second most common agents of nosocomial diseases due to their constantly growing resistance and nowadays are ranked right after staphylococci
Due to the facts that intestines affected by ulcerative colitis produce more mucin than healthy intestines, and hyaluronic acid occurs in the ulcers, increased number of enterococci is likely caused by increased amount of substrate, which they can create lactic acid from and thrive [64,65]
Physiological and biochemical properties of bacteria of the Enterococcus genus as well as their taxonomy and its development throughout the history are important for better understanding of the resistance formation
Summary
Enterococci have become the second most common agents of nosocomial diseases due to their constantly growing resistance and nowadays are ranked right after staphylococci. It was discovered and later proved, that. The aim of this review was to describe bacteria of the Enterococcus genus, their habitat, natural resistance, pathogenicity, and virulence. The influences of enterococci on inflammatory bowel diseases and the following changes of intestinal microbiome were described
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