Abstract
The bacterial genus Pseudomonas is a common causative agent of infections in veterinary medicine. In this study, we focused on Pseudomonas aeruginosa canine otitis externa isolates. Due to prolonged antibiotic treatment of otitis externa, antibiotic resistance is common and has become a major complication. Many alternatives to antibiotics have been studied, with bacteriophages emerging as the most promising alternatives. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel phage, pPa_SNUABM_DT01, by investigating its morphology, growth, lysis kinetics, and genomic characteristics. Phages have a vigorous capacity to eliminate bacterial cells through bacterial lysis. This capacity is dependent on the multiplicity of infection (MOI), but even at low MOIs, the phage successfully inhibited bacterial regrowth. The phage genome was 265,520 bp in size and comprised 312 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Comparative genome analysis demonstrated that the phage is a novel species in Myoviridae. The nucleotide similarity was moderately high compared with the Pseudomonas virus, Noxifer. However, a phylogenetic analysis and a dot plot indicated that pPa_SNUABM_DT01 is not closely related to the Phikzvirus or Noxifervirus genus but, instead, belongs to a novel one. The genome comparisons also indicate that the phage, pPa_SNUABM_DT01, could be a novel genus.
Highlights
Bacteriophage is a kingdom of viruses that invades bacterial cells while replicating in them [1]
As bacteriophages have the capability to induce bacterial metabolism disruption and death, they are emerging as alternative treatment modalities for bacteria with antibiotics resistance [1,2,3,4]
Morphological analysis was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), based on the previous study [25]
Summary
Bacteriophage (phage) is a kingdom of viruses that invades bacterial cells while replicating in them [1]. The diverse features of lytic bacteriophages, including their host specificity, exponential growth in numbers at the site of infection, and the capability to overcome bacterial resistance, have made them an attractive alternative to antibiotics [1,2,3,4]. Previous studies in bacteriophage therapy indicate that one of the crucial factors for successful phage therapy is appropriate phage selection. Some biological features, such as phage specificity, efficacy, and lytic phage, should be considered in order to select suitable phages [5,6]
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