Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the main characteristics of violence against women in the context of a) intimate partner relationships and b) non-partner relationships in Mozambique, using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2); measure the occurrence during lifetime or the past 12 months, and examine the association between intimate partner violence (IPV)/non-partner violence (NPV) types and predictor variables (demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle factors). A total of 1200 women (aged 15 - 45?years) were recruited to participate in this study. Results show that in Mozambique, generally, the rates of IPV and NPV are higher compared to those of other Sub-Saharan Africa countries (except when it comes to sexual assault). It seems that there is more violence against women within intimate partner relationship than in non-partner relationship. Adolescent, single young adults and women who experience the financial strain or use frequently alcohol are more vulnerable to be abused.
Highlights
Violence against women is a gender-based violence
Of the total of number of women recruited, 23% were aged 15 - 17 years, 45 % were aged 18 - years and 32% were aged - 45 years; 31% were single, 56% were married/cohabitant, 13% were divorced/separated; 52% came from rural areas and 48% came from urban areas; 44% have only completed primary school, 56% had completed secondary school and 15% had a university degree; 26% were blue-collar, 51 (%) were low whitecollar, 21 (%) were middle/high white-collar, 12% were only students; 25% could not provide for their needs, 74% could sometime provide for their needs and 11 (%) could often provide for their needs; 19% frequently drinking alcohol and 14% frequently going out to party
Co-occurring Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) exposure across severity showed the following patterns: 28.9% experienced a combination of psychological aggression, physical assault and physical assault with injury; 28.1% experienced a combination of physical assault, physical assault with injury and sexual coercion; 45.3% experienced a combination of psychological aggression, physical assault and sexual coercion; and 26.4% experienced a combination of psychological aggression, physical assault with injury and sexual coercion
Summary
Violence against women is a gender-based violence. It is usually defined as “actions which harm or cause suffering or indignity to women, where those carrying out the actions are mainly men and where women are predominantly the victims” [1]. It seems that violence against women is a very specific type of violence, linked to the masculine dominance and patriarchal values, as well as gender roles and expectations [2]. (2014) The Characteristics of the Violence against Women in Mozambique.
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