Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa National Park has an area of 222.2 hectares of mangrove, which functions as a habitat for various types of biota. The condition of the waters will determine the future of the mangrove ecosystem. It aims to identify the characteristics of mangrove species based on the conditions of Karimunjawa waters. The method used is a journal literature review. There are several journals about the characteristics and conditions of different mangroves. The results of this study various mangrove ecosystems can live in the waters of Karimunjawa. Based on the results of the study during the literature review, there are 9 types of mangroves in Karimunjawa, namely: Cerriops tagal, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apicullata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Excoracia agalloca, Rhizophora mucronata, Scyphilappuphoranata and Xcyphillappuburanata, which can survive on 3 substrates, rocky ground, sand. Mangroves can grow in shallow water ecosystems because the shape of their roots can help adapt to the aquatic environment. Mangroves can live in salty or brackish areas ranging from 11-25‰. It was concluded that the type of substrate and water conditions affect mangroves to live in harmony.
Highlights
Karimunjawa National Park covers 22 of the 27 islands in the Karimunjawa Archipelago
Based on the results from journal observations, the substrate, located in Karimunjawa National Park, consists of 3 types of substrates, namely loose soil, soil craggy, seawater sand. Species These mangroves can grow well in shallow water ecosystems because of the form of roots that can help to adapt to the aquatic environment, both from the influence of tides and factors - other environmental factors that affect the mangrove ecosystem such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, sediment, pH, Eh, currents and waves [10]
Salinity is an essential factor in the growth, endurance and zoning of mangrove species [11]
Summary
Karimunjawa National Park covers 22 of the 27 islands in the Karimunjawa Archipelago. Five of the islands are inhabited by residents. One type of ecosystem in the Karimunjawa National Park is a mangrove ecosystem. More than one type of mangrove grows and lives in the mangrove ecosystem of Karimunjawa National Park. The types of mangroves found in the mangrove ecosystem of Karimunjawa National Park need to be identified one by one. The identification process can be viewed in terms of the morphology of the mangrove parts. By knowing the types of mangroves that exist, we will know the benefits for the surrounding environment. It is necessary to identify the types of mangroves along the tracking area of mangroves; this is to determine the distribution of species along the tracking area to provide knowledge about mangrove species in terms of mangrove morphology
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