The Characteristics of Intra-continental Deformation and Hydrocarbon Distribution Controlled by the Himalayan Tectonic Movements in China

Abstract

Based on previous studies and the latest insights from recent petroleum exploration programs, we propose that the characteristics of intra-continental deformation and its distribution, caused by the Himalayan tectonic movements, are controlled by basement framework formed by a collage of microcratons and lithotectonic terranes and dynamic factors such as the Indian/Eurasia collision and subduction of the Pacific plate. The evolution of Himalayan tectonic movements can be resolved by three principal dynamic mechanisms: (1) the uplift of Tibetan Plateau, (2) the coupling of orogenic belts and basins surrounding the Tibetan Plateau, and (3) extensional tectonics in eastern China. The tectonic framework and deformation that resulted from the Himalayan tectonic movements are mainly embodied in four tectonic domains: (1) the uplifted regions of the Tibetan Plateau, (2) the basin-and-range coupling of peripheral Tibetan Plateau, (3) stable regions, and (4) regions of active rifting along the western circum-Pacific margin. Sedimentary basins formed during the Himalayan tectonic movements, can be assorted into three categories: (1) rift basins due to extensional tectonics in east China, such as Bohai Bay Basin and Songliao Basin; (2) basins in central China, controlled by eastward compression of the Tibetan Plateau, which are characteristic of thrusting of basin margin and uplift-denudation in basins; (3) basins in west China such as the Tarim, Junggar and Qaidam Basins, which are associated with north-directed compression and exhibit thrust movements and flexural subsidence along basin margins. Their structural style is that of basin-and-range type. We conclude that Himalayan tectonic movements may have controlled the late hydrocarbon accumulation in China.