Abstract
(1) Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate the anatomical features of lower third molar and its adjacent anatomical connections in type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) patients through cone beam computed tomography (cbct). (2) Methods: The study was conducted among 25 patients, 13 patients with type I OI and 12 control patients (individuals with no disorders and no treatment); average age was 15.44 ± 2.06, 23 third molar germs for each group. The germs have been compared to the parameters using the Mann-Whitney test. A chi-square test was also used to investigate the correlation between the status case/control and tooth development stage. (3) Results: Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between cases and controls: diameter of the tooth germ in toto (U = 93.5; p < 0.001), tooth development stage, (U = 145; p < 0.01), roots length (U = 44.5; p < 0.01), cementoenamel junction diameter (U = 157.5; p < 0.05), size of the pulp chamber (U = 95.5; p < 0.05). Type I OI is not associated with the relationship between the germ of mandibular third molar and alveolar canal on axial plane (χ2 = 4.095; p = 0.129), and parasagittal (χ2 = 4.800; p = 0.091). The association between type I OI and relationship with the germ of mandibular third molar and alveolar canal on the coronal plane has been significant (χ2 = 9.778; p < 0.05) as the perforation of the lingual cortical bone in the region of mandibular third molar tooth germ (χ2 = 11.189; p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: The results confirm the cbct accuracy in the evaluation of bone density in type I OI patients giving also the opportunity to study the tridimensional anatomy of germs and the adjacent anatomical structures in order to avoid any perioperative complications.
Highlights
Patients giving the opportunity to study the tridimensional anatomy of germs and the adjacent anatomical structures in order to avoid any perioperative complications
The Average Score Analysis has shown that the germs of patients with type I Osteogenesis imperfecta are characterized by reduction in diameter (Mcases = 11.35 ± 2.04; Mcontrols = 13.87 ± 1.98), lower level of tooth development (Mcases = 5.35 ± 1.33; Mcontrols = 6.48 ± 1.08), lower root length (Mcases = 3.60 ± 2.82; Mcontrols = 6.25 ± 2.24), smaller cementoenamel junction diameter (Mcases = 9.10 ± 1.04; Mcontrols = 9.74 ± 0.86) and larger size of pulp chamber (Mcases = 5.05 ± 0.85; Mcontrols = 4.41 ± 0.71) (Figure 2)
The results from our study confirm the existence of anomalies of lower third molar and its adjacent anatomical connections in type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients comparing the results to a control healthy group through cbct
Summary
The osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare hereditary disorder of connective tissue characterized by bone fragility with recurrent multiple fractures from mild trauma and low bone density [1].Clinical features include short stature, blue sclerae, hearing loss in adulthood, dentinogenesis imperfecta, scoliosis, ligamentous laxity and skeletal deformity.Healthcare 2020, 8, 372; doi:10.3390/healthcare8040372 www.mdpi.com/journal/healthcareThe OI classification dates back 1979 when Sillence et al [2] proposed a classification of patients with OI in 4 groups considering clinical criteria and disease severity.Of OI cases, 90% are caused by mutations in the collagen type I alpha 1 gene (COL1A1) and collagen type I alpha 2 gene (COL1A2), which code for the α1/α2 chains of type 1 collagen, which is the major structural protein of bone [3].Osteogenesis imperfecta is diagnosed clinically and radiologically [3]. The osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare hereditary disorder of connective tissue characterized by bone fragility with recurrent multiple fractures from mild trauma and low bone density [1]. Clinical features include short stature, blue sclerae, hearing loss in adulthood, dentinogenesis imperfecta, scoliosis, ligamentous laxity and skeletal deformity. The OI classification dates back 1979 when Sillence et al [2] proposed a classification of patients with OI in 4 groups considering clinical criteria and disease severity. Osteogenesis imperfecta is diagnosed clinically and radiologically [3]. The monitoring exam of OI is the Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), which is performed every year to check bone mineral density. If the DXA, after being evaluated by the pediatrician, shows stability bone, pharmacological treatment may be stopped
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