The Characteristic of Solar Flare and CMEs that Caused SPE During 24th Solar Cycle

Abstract

AbstractSPE is one of the most severe hazards in the space environment. Such events tend to occur during periods of intense solar activity and can lead to high radiation doses in short time intervals. The proton enhancements produced by these solar events may last several days and are very hard to predict in advance, and they also can cause harm both satellites and humans in space. The most significant proton sources in the interplanetary medium are both solar flares and interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In this study, I try to find the characteristic of flare and CME that can cause the proton events in the interplanetary medium. For my preliminary study, I will search flare characteristics such as class and position as SPE cause. I also researched with CME characteristics such as Angular Width (AW) and linear speed. During solar cycle 24, the solar activity remains very low with several large flares and halo CME. This low activity also occurs on solar proton events in interplanetary medium. From January 2009 to December 2019, there were 46 SPEs with flux range from 11—6530 pfu (10 meV). The solar flares during these events varies from C to X- class flare. From 45 X-class flares that occurs during 2009—2019, only 11 flares cause the SPE. Most of the active region locations are at the solar western hemisphere (35/46). There are 40 from 323 halo CME (AW = 360°), 37 from 203 with linear speed >1000 km/s, and 34 from 109 Halo CME with linear speed >1000 km/s cause SPE. Although the probability of SPE from all flares and CMEs during this range of time is small, but they have three common characteristics, i.e., most of the SPE has active region position at the solar western hemisphere, the CME have AW = 360°, and have a high linear speed.KeywordsSolar Proton EventsFlareCoronal Mass Ejections