The characteristic of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder with psychotic features in Iran

Abstract

IntroductionAuditory hallucinations are perceptional experiments that occur in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder with psychotic features. Characteristic of these hallucinations may have relation with cultural factors.AimWe have done this study to understand more about content and characteristic of auditory hallucinations in Schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder with psychotic features in Qazvin, a state in north-center of Iran.MethodsWe used the questionnaire that prof. Romme and Escher developed in 1987 for research purposes. Sixty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder with psychotic features that admitted or attended at clinic of Qazvin medical science university hospital, psychiatry ward, were interviewed.ResultsThe 45 men and 15 women in three groups were interviewed. The most were men, single, and in fourth decade of their life. Most patients mentioned that they heard one voice. Mean age of appearing voices in patients were 19 to 29 years old. Most patients in the schizoaffective and bipolar group heard male voices and in schizophrenia were both sexes. Eighty-five percent of bipolar patients, 65% of patients with schizoaffective disorder heard friendly voices. It was 30% in patients with schizophrenia. Fifteen percent of bipolar patients, 75% of schizophrenia and 45% of schizoaffective stated that voice was hostile.ConclusionOur study has revealed that culture affected content and characteristic of auditory hallucinations. We suggested that some complementary studies will be done in future from different Iranian cultures not just people of Qazvin.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.