Abstract
Commercial 2D carbon materials are shown to be largely nanographite with a small percentage of single layer material present.
Highlights
Only two graphenes, namely 9_GNP and 8_rGO, have a I(G)/I(2D)ratio below 2.5, which indicates having a material with 4-5 layers
Peak positions of the G- and 2D-peak are in accordance with those expected for few-layered materials (2700 and 2702 cm[1], and 1584 and 1586 cm-1 for 9_GNP and 8_rGO)
This is in agreement with two previous studies of commercial materials[16,17] and suggests that the products have not improved over the last few years
Summary
Widespread usage of 2D carbons requires their manufacture on the tonne to kilotonne scale. Graphene (defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as “a single layer of carbon atoms”8) can be produced by a variety of methods. For special applications such as electronics, chemical vapour deposition can provide large area (several cm2) defect-free graphene[9,10] but this method is expensive and liquid phase exfoliation of graphite is generally used for large-scale manufacture.[11,12] Direct synthesis via gas phase[13] or solid state methods[14] have been demonstrated and have the potential to overcome the limitations of liquid phase methods. The residual oxygen functionalities present in reduced graphene oxide make it a distinct material
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