Abstract
Some further dimensions of critical reflexive practice skills are now explored as the focus shifts to examine competing perspectives on the welfare state. Several sociological perspectives are presented, beginning with neo-liberal and social democratic approaches. These will be compared with Fordist and neo-Marxist approaches, in terms of how well they account for the operations of the welfare state. The chapter will then move on to consider feminist and anti-racist critiques of these approaches. A fourth and important dimension is added through the contribution of the perspectives of Islamic Political Economy (IPE) as presented by some Muslim sociologists. This is useful in identifying the Western ethnocentric nature of traditional sociological perspectives on the welfare state, and pointing to alternatives.Key Wordsthe welfare statepowersocial policyIslamic Political Economy (IPE)
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