The Changing Strategies of Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations in the UK in the 1990s

Abstract

The 1990s have been characterized by some observers as a period in which UK environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) have undergone a fundamental change in strategy. For example Jonathan Porritt claimed that the ‘chiefs’ at Friends of the Earth (FoE) were ‘going through the greatest shake-up in their history’ (quoted in Lamb, 1996, p. 186). In 1993 Chris Rose, then Greenpeace campaigns director, argued that ‘a “sea change” is now going on within “the environmental movement”’ (Rose, 1993, p. 285). A similar change in US ENGO strategy has been described by Lusting and Brunner (1996, p. 136) as ‘the “Third Wave” of the US environmental movement’.KeywordsLocal GroupGrass RootEnvironmental MovementMarine Stewardship CouncilWorld Wide FundThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.