The changing epidemiology of hepatitis B and C infections in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso: a random sampling survey

Moussa Lingani,Halidou Tinto,Junko Tanaka,Théodore Nikiema,Zekiba Tarnagda,Kazuaki Takahashi,Chikako Yamamoto,Tomoyuki Akita,Karim Derra,Hermann Sorgho,Palwende Romuald Boua,Ko Ko,Shintaro Nagashima,Serge Ouoba,Athanase Somé,Aya Sugiyama,Basile Kam

doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4731-7

Moussa Lingani, Halidou Tinto + Show 15 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4731-7

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Abstract

BackgroundThis study sought to provide up-to-date hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) seroprevalence in rural Burkina Faso decade after hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the national immunization scheduled for children.MethodsIn 2018, a community-based, random sampling strategy with probability proportional to population size was conducted in Nanoro to investigate the prevalence of viral hepatitis in children and their mothers. Sociodemographic, vaccination history and risk factors were assessed by interview and health books. HBsAg rapid tests were done by finger prick and Dried Blood Spots (DBS) were collected for hepatitis seromarkers by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Positive samples underwent confirmatory PCR and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsData were presented on 240 mother-child pairs. HBsAg Prevalence was 0.8% in children and 6.3% in mothers. Hepatitis B core antibody positivity was 89.2% in mothers, 59.2% in children and was associated with age, sex and scarification. Hepatitis B surface antibodies prevalence was 37.5% in children and 5.8% in mothers. Good vaccination coverage was limited by home delivery. Phylogenetic analysis of HBV strains based on full genome sequences (n = 7) and s-fragment sequences (n = 6) revealed genotype A, E, and recombinant A3/E. Viral genome homology was reported in one mother-child pair. Anti-HCV prevalence was 5.4% in mothers, 2.1% in children and strains belonged to genotype 2.ConclusionsIn Nanoro, HBsAg prevalence was low in children, intermediate in mothers and mother-to-child transmission persists. Home delivery was a limiting factor of Hepatitis B vaccination coverage. HBV genotype E was predominant and genotype A3/E is reported for the first time in Burkina Faso.

Highlights

This study sought to provide up-to-date hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) seroprevalence in rural Burkina Faso decade after hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the national immunization scheduled for children
In this study, we investigated the prevalence and risks factors of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among children born after hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the national expanded program on immunization (EPI) schedule and in their respective mothers
In this study, serological analysis suggested that the carriage rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is gradually decreasing in rural Burkina Faso and 2020 WHO African region of HBsAg prevalence under 2% target in children under 5 years age is already met

Summary

Introduction

This study sought to provide up-to-date hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) seroprevalence in rural Burkina Faso decade after hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the national immunization scheduled for children. The global burden of viral hepatitis is gradually decreasing worldwide, it still represents an international health challenge in low-and-middle income countries [1]. Elimination of hepatitis B infection can achieve in a particular country when national government started to develop and implement efficacious strategies including free children vaccination against HBV, case detection and treatment with effective drugs [12, 13]. Elimination of HCV is envisioned since highly effective direct antiviral agents (DAA) are available in low-income countries and are reported to cure infection within 10 to 12 weeks of treatment [14, 15]

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