Abstract
Background soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma is associated with disease progression, and sPD-L1 expression in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) may have similar manifestations and become a potential marker for treatment. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of plasma sPD-L1 expression in SCLC patients. Methods. 90 patients diagnosed with SCLC from January 2019 to November 2020 were selected as the test group, including 72 males and 18 women, 58.7 ± 6.6 years; 30 healthy subjects were selected from the physical examination center, including 18 males, 12 females, and 60.3 ± 7.0 years. There were no statistical difference in sex and age factors between the trial and control groups (p > 0.05). Selected SCLC used chemotherapy regimen: cisplatin + etoposide (EP), carboplatin + etoposide (CE), and SCLC group were divided into three subgroups of disease progression group, partial remission group, and disease stability group according to the treatment effect. Comparison of the differences in sPD-L1 expression content between the experimental and control populations. Plasma sPD-L1 levels were dynamically monitored pre- and posttreatment in 90 patients with small-cell lung cancer and were associated with efficacy among subgroups. Meanwhile, the risk factors for patient sPD-L1 expression content were analyzed by logistic regression. Results. Plasma sPD-L1 levels were higher in the SCLC group than in the healthy people group (t = 7.40, p < 0.01). In the disease progression group of the SCLC group, sPD-L1 levels were decreased in the SCLC group, sPD-L1 in some remission group was increased after treatment, and sPD-L1 levels in the disease-stable group (p > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors promoting increased sPD-L1 expression in SCLC patients included increased smoking, brain metastasis, and ProGRP expression (both p values < 0.05). Conclusion. (1) Higher peripheral sPD-L1 expression in SCLC patients than in healthy patients, and the expression levels were closely related to efficacy. (2) Dynamic changes in s PD-L1 were correlated with clinical efficacy. (3) The progression of sPD-L1 and ProGRP in SCLC patients showed the same extent during remission and stabilization, suggesting the effect of s PD-L1 in the evaluation of SCLC tumors and the reflection of the tumor marker ProGRP.
Highlights
The annual incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer are the first in the world, and lung cancer is the primary cause of death of cancer in China [1, 2]
SPD-L1 levels were significantly higher in the small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) group compared with the control group, suggesting high soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) expression in SCLL patients
The sPD-L1 levels were decreased in the disease progression group, sPD-L1 in the partial remission group, and relatively small fluctuations of sPD-L1 in the disease-stable group
Summary
The annual incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer are the first in the world, and lung cancer is the primary cause of death of cancer in China [1, 2]. Lung cancer is divided into two main histological types: nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC accounts for about 15% of the total lung cancer, with the highest degree of malignancy and mostly occurs in the middle of the lung, and it grows rapidly, has early metastasis, and has a neuroendocrine function [3]. Promed death 1 receptor (PD-1) is a receptor protein present on the surface of immune cell T cells acting with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and PD-L1 is a protein expressed on the surface of tumor cells [5]. It has been shown that the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 binding is abnormally elevated in tumor tissue and may play an important role in tumorigenesis and development [5]. The combination of PD-1 and PD-L1 transmits negative regulatory signals to T cells to induce T cells into a dormant state; T cell
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