Abstract
Seizure detection, and more recently seizure forecasting, represent important avenues of clinical development in epilepsy, promoted by progress in wearable devices and mobile health (mHealth), which might help optimizing seizure control and prevention of seizure-related mortality and morbidity in persons with epilepsy. Yet, very long-term continuous monitoring of seizure-sensitive biosignals in the ambulatory setting presents a number of challenges. We herein provide an overview of these challenges and current technological landscape of mHealth devices for seizure detection. Specifically, we display, which types of sensor modalities and analytical methods are available, and give insight into current clinical practice guidelines, main outcomes of clinical validation studies, and discuss how to evaluate device performance at point-of-care facilities. We then address pitfalls which may arise in patient compliance and the need to design solutions adapted to user experience.
Highlights
We live in the Internet of Things (IoT) era where wearables have become an integral part of day-to-day life
Seizure detection with appropriate sensitivity and false-alarm rates has only been possible for generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) [10, 11], while clinically-relevant accuracy is still lacking for most other seizures types [12]
Mobile health devices show promise for patients suffering from epileptic seizures
Summary
We live in the Internet of Things (IoT) era where wearables have become an integral part of day-to-day life. Fitness wristbands, smartwatches, and other technologies attached to the human body offer users continuous biometric measurements (i.e., movement, heart rate, sweating) over time, providing analytics via Bluetooth (or similar wireless transmission protocols, e.g., wi-fi), and sending feedback to applications integrated into generic devices (e.g., smartwatches) These wearable devices offer considerable potential in regards to delivering novel options to shape personalized medical solutions [1]. Subcutaneous electrode implants, embedded with a wearable data receiver have allowed for the first-time real-world EEG data collections over very long periods [16] This short review gives an insight into the ambitious and challenging field of wearable health devices for seizure detection and forecasting applications and provides context for progress to date, as well as possible pitfalls and how they might be resolved
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