Abstract
In an era of unprecedented urbanization, population and industrial growth pressure is serious threat for the water management in Pakistan in present days. Water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff limited natural fresh water resources in the country. Human health is facing serious problems due to deteriorating drinking water quality. Current review paper provides an insight to the water quality problems in Pakistan with an attempt to emphasize the challenges of water laws enforcement. Although Pakistan has developed many water laws the state of implementation is dominant, intermediate pollution crises are still remaining. We could come to the conclusion that strictly enforcement is compulsory for water environment regulations in Pakistan. Moreover, it is necessary to establish a reliable risk assessment system for water quality, human health and ecological safety.
Highlights
Relationships between water and other development-related sectors such as population, energy, food, and environment, and the interactions among them require analysis, as they together will determine future food security and pollution reduction [1].How to cite this paper: Jabeen, A., Huang, X.S. and Aamir, M. (2015) The Challenges of Water Pollution, Threat to Public Health, Flaws of Water Laws and Policies in Pakistan
Drinking water quality is deteriorating continually due to biological contamination from human waste, chemical pollutants from industries and agricultural inputs
According to an official government document [27] increased arsenic, nitrate and fluoride contamination was detected in drinking water in various localities in Pakistan
Summary
Relationships between water and other development-related sectors such as population, energy, food, and environment, and the interactions among them require analysis, as they together will determine future food security and pollution reduction [1]. 2.5 million people of the world live without improved sanitation which is most significant form of water pollution [5]. Unsafe or inadequate water cause approximately 3.1 percent of all deaths worldwide, and 3.7 percent of DALYS worldwide. Infectious diseases such as waterborne diseases are the number one killer of children under five years old [6]. More than 5 million people die each year from water related diseases [10]. Drinking water quality is deteriorating continually due to biological contamination from human waste, chemical pollutants from industries and agricultural inputs. The reasons why the Pakistan continuously fails in protecting water sources from scarcity and pollution have many aspects. Strategies must be developed; 3) Pakistan’s decision makers and those in power are not directly affected by water insecurities and have little incentive to change the system or make water management reform a priority
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