Abstract
The science behind immunotoxicology continues to evolve. The goals of this paper are to highlight some of the challenges in immunotoxicity assessment that still need to be addressed. In a general sense, one of the challenges is the ability to translate results to humans. With the exception of pharmaceuticals, it is difficult to conduct studies in humans. As such, a number of in vitro models have been developed, and have been successfully applied to explore the effects of xenobiotics on human cells. In a more specific sense, this paper describes advances in a component of the human immune system that has, heretofore, been understudied – human leukopoiesis.
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