Abstract

Traditional weather forecasting reminds us of meteorologists sitting with the weather charts spread in front of them and making forecasts based on their ‘experience’. This experience is the knowledge gathered over years of observations and the background theory on weather. Given a background condition, a particular weather pattern, say a low pressure area, tends to evolve on the average in a certain way. This may be termed as mean or ‘climatological’ behaviour. Also atmospheric fluctuations have a certain amount of ‘persistency’. In other words, once a low pressure is formed, it persists for a while. Forecasts made by meteorologists based on ‘climatology’ and ‘persistence’ and empirical knowledge about evolution of weather systems are known as synoptic forecasts. Before the advent of computers, this was the only method of weather forecasting. Upto 12 hours or 24 hours in advance, the meteorologists can actually make very good forecasts based on this technique. But beyond that this type of forecast is not useful.

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