Abstract
This grammatical analysis of the central pronouns in Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Debate aimed at determining their occurrence, semantic manifestations, typological and thematic distribution, and textual functions. Twenty-three central pronouns with a combined frequency of 2409 were identified and analysed using Quirk et al.’s (1985) framework. The result showed a 58% representation and a frequency of 94.6 in 1000 words, with the forms we, you, it, I, they, our emerging the most frequent. Personal pronouns were a hundred times more frequent than reflexive pronouns and fourteen times more recurring than possessives. The 1st person, 2nd person and 3rd person forms respectively represent approximately one-half, one-quarter, and one-third of total person contrast made; however, a dominance of plural over singular was seen and this was more pronounced with 2nd person. Whereas the ratio of masculine to feminine was 22:1, neuter gender was generally dominant. A dominance of subjective case over objective case was revealed while genitive case featured as determinatives only. Pronominal choices were governed by theme, structure of responses, and idiosyncrasy, as I was more concentrated under motivation for contesting than any other theme and under recognising and justifying the problem than specifying actions to be taken or making concluding marks. The multiple-authored texts used manifestly exposed the diversity of pronoun forms and their combinatory possibility, which was advantageous since the focus was not a given politician’s idiolect but the use of an aspect of language in politics, namely the central pronouns.
Highlights
Analyses of the language of politics in the Nigerian research scene have been approached from the viewpoints of Discourse Analysis (DA), Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), and Pragmatics with little or no input from grammar
Previous studies have been silent on a number of critical issues concerning the central pronouns, namely their manifestation in the corpora used compared to the number in English, subtypes and their frequency, semantic manifestation, thematic distribution, and textual functions
The1st person, 2nd person and 3rd person forms represent approximately one-half, one-quarter, and one-third respectively of the total person contrast made while a dominance of plural over singular, more pronounced with 2nd person, was seen
Summary
Analyses of the language of politics in the Nigerian research scene have been approached from the viewpoints of Discourse Analysis (DA), Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), and Pragmatics with little or no input from grammar. There is a general tendency to use written material or transcripts of “spoken texts” handed out to the media, with the size of the corpus often not indicated and the frequency of the grammatical items examined not determined. Opeibi’s (2010) analysis of selected campaign texts aimed at partially assessing the centrality of English in the Nigerian political discourse is SGF-based and is restricted to the sentence (eleven only). A grammatical analysis as envisaged in this study will not focus on a select few but will account for all occurring central pronouns. Against the foregoing background, this study undertakes a grammatical analysis of Nigerian political discourse by examining the occurrence and use of the central pronouns in the 2015 Presidential Debate. The choice of the central pronouns is underscored by their shared grammatical similarities with respect to the four categories that define them
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