THE CENTRAL HEMODYNAMIC STATE IN DIABETES PATIENTS DURING LOW LIMB SURGERY

Abstract

Background: As diabetes takes on pandemic proportions, more than 1000000 patients undergo some kind of low limb surgery yearly. While peripheral hemodynamic state during such kind of surgery in these patients has been studied quite well in various anesthesia technique, the central hemodynamic state and systemic oxygen delivery remain unclear. Objective: To evaluate a single-injection nerve block vs spinal anesthesia influence on central and peripheral hemodynamics and systemic oxygen delivery during low limb surgery in diabetes patients. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: Federal scientific centre. Patients: 31 diabetes patients during elective low limb surgery under single-injection nerve block and spinal anesthesia. Intervention: Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups according the anesthesia technique - either a single-injection nerve block or spinal anesthesia. Main outcome measures: Levels of cardiac index mean arterial pressure, oxygen delivery index, glycaemia and VAS scores were evaluated on five time points: 24 hours before surgery, during surgery, before discharging from operating room, 6 and 24 hours after surgery respectively. Results. Levels of cardiac, systemic vascular resistance and oxygen delivery indexes together with mean arterial pressure had no statistically significant differences in time points in group received single-injection nerve block technique. These patients had full pain relief even in 6 hours after surgery and 24 hours after surgery their VAS pain scores were not more than 3. A single-injection nerve block technique shown its prolonged pain-relief effect with minimal systemic side effect. In patients with spinal anesthesia technique statistically significant decreases of mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance with parallel cardiac index increase in time points were observed. In 6 hours after surgery, their VAS pain scores were not more 2 and 24 hours after surgery not more than 4. Spinal anesthesia once more shown to be reliable and effective but not long-acting intraoperative anesthesia technique. Additional postoperative pain relief necessity is a specific spinal technique problem. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that a single-injection nerve block technique due to its low influence on systemic circulation is more preferable in patients with compromised circulation system, while spinal technique may be used in patients with no heart and vascular disturbances. More clinical investigations must be done to evaluate central hemodynamic changes during these types of anesthesia in diabetes patients more precisely.