The Central Effect of β-Endorphin and Naloxone on the Expression of GnRH Gene and GnRH Receptor (GnRH-R) Gene in the Hypothalamus, and on GnRH-R Gene in the Anterior Pituitary Gland in Follicular Phase Ewes

Abstract

The effect of prolonged intermittent infusion of beta-endorphin or naloxone into the third cerebral ventricle in ewes during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle on the expression of GnRH gene and GnRH-R gene in the hypothalamus and GnRH-R gene in the anterior pituitary gland was examined by Real time-PCR. Activation of micro opioid receptors decreased GnRH mRNA levels in the hypothalamus and led to complex changes in GnRH-R mRNA: an increase of GnRH-R mRNA in the preoptic area, no change in the anterior hypothalamus and decrease in the ventromedial hypothalamus and stalk/median eminence. In beta-endorphin treated ewes the levels of GnRH-R mRNA in the anterior pituitary gland also decreased significantly. These complex changes in the levels of GnRH mRNA and GnRH-R mRNA were reflected in the decrease of LH secretion. Blockade of micro opioid receptors affected neither GnRH mRNA and GnRH-R mRNA nor LH levels secretion. These results indicate that beta-endorphin displays a suppressive effect on the expression of the GnRH gene in the hypothalamus and GnRH-R gene in the anterior pituitary gland, but affects GnRH-R gene expression in a specific manner in the various parts of hypothalamus; altogether these events lead to the decrease in GnRH/LH secretion.