Abstract
The central dialysis fluid delivery system (CDDS) simplifies the maintenance and supervision involved by enabling the combined management of dialysis fluid for multiple persons, preparation of cleaning and antiseptic solutions, and delivery of these to each patient monitor. The CDDS has been used exclusively in Japan since 1960s. Approximately 88 % of dialysis machines are patient monitors with CDDS. It is a cost-effective, laborsaving, time-tested system with good microbial safety, which has been used for 45 years. In many countries, especially in Asia, the number of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is increasing. The CDDS will contribute to such emerging situations with its easy handling and economic advantages.
Highlights
It is widely known that the survival rate of Japanese hemodialysis patients is the highest in the world [1]
The introduction of the central dialysis fluid delivery system (CDDS) in the 1960s enabled the provision of stable dialysis conditions for all patients, which made a marked contribution to the field of dialysis
Online HDF/online hemofiltration aUltrapure dialysis fluid is desirable for all dialysis modalities retentive filter for dialysis and related therapies” in 2011 (Table 3) [15]. These were developed in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) [16] and elaborates on well management in the CDDS by incorporating the concept of “validation.”
Summary
It is widely known that the survival rate of Japanese hemodialysis patients is the highest in the world [1]. In SPDDS, the patient monitor contains a dialysis fluid supply equipment It is widely used in countries other than Japan and is considered as the global standard for dialysis treatment. The fact that CCDS can be used in the temporary treatment of many patients remains a distinct advantage It allows the additional benefit of variation of the dialysis fluid compositions and has been used in the USA and countries such as China, where the number of patients is increasing. Machine dysfunction affects all patients and there is the constant risk of contamination with the use of the long dialysis piping Given these disadvantages, CDDS is no longer used in countries other than Japan. In order to solve these issues, the JSDT published the “Standard of microbiological management of fluid for hemodialysis and related therapies” in 2007 (Table 2) [14] and the “Standard on the management of endotoxin
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