Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA could find in healthy subjects and patients with neoplasia, trauma, infections, stroke, autoimmune, metabolic and rheumatic diseases. The triggers of cell-free mitochondrial DNA secretion are various impacts, i.e. microbial antigen stimulation, inflammatory cytokine, active molecules. It is speculated that the cell-free mitochondrial DNA might be a critical activator of inflammation, coagulation and the innate immune system linking mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death and target organ injury. There is evidence regarding that the cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels may elevate in healthy individuals depending aging and in cancer and non-cancer subjects at risk of CV diseases, as well as in persons with established CH disease. The results of several studies have shown that elevated circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA has associated with cardiovascular (CV) diseases, while diagnostic and predictive value of this biomarker in non-cancer individuals is not fully clear. The mini review is devoted the biological role, diagnostic and predictive value of cellfree mitochondrial DNA in patients at CV risk.
Highlights
The advances in the treatment of cardiovascular (CV) disease over last decades have leaded to decrease mortality and disability due to CV events in the developed countries [1]
Current clinical guidelines presented by American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology are emphasized needing to use biomarkers toward risk stratification of individuals at higher risk of CV disease, patients with known CV disease, as well as target therapy of several diseases
Cell-free mitochondrial DNA content in contrast miRNAs could reflect a severity of cardiac damage and probably might have a predictive value in humans with acute myocardial infarction [20,21,22]
Summary
The advances in the treatment of cardiovascular (CV) disease over last decades have leaded to decrease mortality and disability due to CV events in the developed countries [1]. The accuracy and predictive value of widely used biomarkers (i.e. cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, galectin-3, soluble ST2) are sufficiently distinguished depending age, sex, metabolic comorbidities, decreased kidney function In this context, the discovery of novel biomarkers that might use to identify the individual CV risk is discussed widely. The active secretion of mitochondrial DNA fractions needs to involving of antigen-presenting cells (i.e. mononuclears/macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells) and regulating by hormonal mechanisms [17,18,19]. In this context, cell-free mitochondrial DNA content in contrast miRNAs could reflect a severity of cardiac damage and probably might have a predictive value in humans with acute myocardial infarction [20,21,22]. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA might contribute to endogenous repair systems through regulation of mobbing and differentiation of progenitor cells [24]
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