Abstract
Idioblasts are defined by abnormal shapes, sizes, and contents that are different from neighboring cells. Myrosin cells are Brassicales-specific idioblasts and accumulate a large amount of thioglucoside glucohydrolases (TGGs, also known as myrosinases) in their vacuoles. Myrosinases convert their substrates, glucosinolates, into toxic compounds when herbivories and pests attack plants. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between myrosin cells and vascular cells/guard cells (GCs) because myrosin cells are distributed along vascular cells, especially the phloem parenchyma, and myrosin cells share the master transcription factor FAMA with GCs for their cell differentiation. In addition, we analyzed the overlap of cell type-specific genes between myrosin cells and GCs by using published single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) data, suggesting significant similarities in the gene expression patterns of these two specialized cells.
Highlights
Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
We highlight the similarities and differences between myrosin cells and vascular cells/guard cells (GCs) because myrosin cells are distributed along vascular cells, especially the phloem parenchyma, and myrosin cells share the master transcription factor FAMA with GCs for their cell differentiation
These results suggested that the myrosinase–glucosinolate system has different functions in two different specialized cells
Summary
Myrosin cells are distributed along veins, especially the phloem (Shirakawa and Hara-Nishimura, 2018; Shimada et al, 2018). The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor FAMA was identified as a master transcription factor for the differentiation of myrosin cells from ground meristem cells (Li and Sack, 2014; Shirakawa et al, 2014b, 2016a). FAMA inhibits the ectopic divisions of GMCs and promotes the differentiation of GCs (Ohashi-Ito and Bergmann, 2006). Other downstream factors were identified by transcriptome analysis (Hachez et al, 2011), it was still unclear which direct targets of FAMA differentiate from GMCs to GCs. One of the candidates is DNA-binding with one finger (DOF) TF, STOMATAL CARPENTER 1. Key factor(s) of the differentiation of myrosin cells, which are downstream of FAMA, have not yet been identified (Figure 1B). Other factors may have specific developmental/physiological functions in one of two specialized cells
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