Abstract
BackgroundA retrospective analysis was carried out from patients and controls during the past 5 years from a series of studies investigating endothelial microparticles (MP).MethodsIn total, 319 samples from 207 individuals were included in this analysis, from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 105), women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, n = 145) and healthy volunteers (n = 69). All data were generated via the same flow cytometry protocol with the same antibody clones. Endothelial markers CD105 (Endoglin) and CD106 (Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were used to enumerate MP in venous blood.ResultsThe ratio of CD105MP:CD106MP was significantly different between groups (F = 63.43, p < 0.0001). Women with PCOS were found to have a median CD105MP:CD106MP ratio of 0.40 (IQR 0.24–0.57), suggesting approximately two CD106MP were found per CD105MP. The T2D group showed a median ratio of 2.32 (1.51–3.69) whereas in healthy volunteers the ratio was 2.21 (1.63–3.55). Serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was also shown to be significantly increased in PCOS when compared with control or T2D groups (F = 14.5, p < 0.001).ConclusionThese data suggest that women with PCOS have an altered endothelial MP release in favour of CD106. Thus a potential activated endothelial state exists in women with PCOS with a shift towards a predominantly CD106MP profile.
Highlights
These authors contributed : Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Saeed Alqarni, Zeeshan JavedPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder amongst women of reproductive age that commonly presents with menstrual irregularities, ovulatory dysfunction and clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism [1, 2]
PCOS shares several risk factors with metabolic syndrome such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia; these patients are at high risk of developing diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease [3]
PCOS is associated with endothelial dysfunction that is one of the earliest and most prominent signs and a prognostic marker of future atheromatous cardiovascular disease [4]
Summary
These authors contributed : Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Saeed Alqarni, Zeeshan JavedPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder amongst women of reproductive age that commonly presents with menstrual irregularities, ovulatory dysfunction and clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism [1, 2]. MPs are vital messengers in inter-cellular communications [8] They have been suggested to play a significant role in endothelial dysfunction, cellular inflammation, coagulation and angiogenesis, and predispose to cardiovascular diseases by perturbing vascular homoeostasis. EMP levels are increased in a variety of cardiovascular and atherothrombotic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, end-stage renal disease, acute coronary syndromes, cancers, inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases [9]. In both acute coronary syndrome and diabetic patients, EMP correlate positively with the extent and severity of stenosis and represent a more robust predictor of the occurrence of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients compared with traditional markers of endothelial activation [10]. Endothelial markers CD105 (Endoglin) and CD106 (Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were used to enumerate MP in venous blood
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