The CB1 Receptor Antagonist, AM281, Improves Recognition Loss Induced by Naloxone in Morphine Withdrawal Mice

Abstract

Morphine withdrawal leads to the activation of endocannabinoid system and cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of AM281, a cannabinoid antagonist/inverse agonist, on memory deficit following naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in mice. Male mice were made dependent by increasing doses of morphine (30-90mg/kg) twice daily for 3days. The object recognition task was used to evaluate memory dysfunction. The test comprised three sections: habituation for 15min., first trial for 12min. and test trial for 5min. In this learning paradigm, the difference in exploration between a previously seen object and a new object is taken as an index of memory performance (recognition index). The recognition index was assessed on the third day of morphine treatment by the injection of 0.1mg/kg naloxone 3hr after the last dose of morphine. Chronic administration of AM281 at 2.5mg/kg significantly improved the memory impairment, producing a recognition index of 36.0±3.9 as compared with vehicle-treated data (recognition index=-3.1±8.2%). A single dose of AM281 at 5mg/kg improved the recognition index from -1.5±3.9% in morphine withdrawal animals to 18.5±11.6%. Concurrent administration of AM281 with morphine proved to be more effective in protecting the animals from losing their memory compared to acute action of AM281. These results indicate that the contribution of the cannabinoid system to memory deficit is attributable to morphine withdrawal. By blocking cannabinoid receptors, AM281 may become useful in preventing memory deficit after morphine withdrawal.