Abstract
Abstract Double-bond isomerization of n-butenes over several supported acidic metal salts such as metal sulfates, perchlorates and phosphates including free acids has been investigated at 60°C with the butene pressure of 14 cmHg. The activity and the selectivity of cis-trans isomerization over double-bond migration increased monotonously, as the acid strength of catalysts increased. Acid strength, activity and selectivity of metal salt catalysts increased with the electronegativity of metal ion where free acids were the most strongly acidic and active catalysts (H+>Al3+>Ni2+>Mg2+>Na+), and for a given metal ion they increased with the acid strength of the conjugated acid (ClO4−>SO42−PO43−CH3COO−). The activity and selectivity were explained on the basis of a sec-hutyl carbonium ion mechanism which appears more concerted over weak acids. The active sites for the reaction were suggested to be protonic acid sites closely connected to acid radical.
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