The Case for Universal Motorcycle Helmet Laws

Abstract

This editorial is written to accompany an article that reported that the repeal of the universal helmet law in Texas in 1997 has had a significant adverse effect on motorcyclist fatalities in Texas. In this commentary, the author first briefly outlines the recent trend in motorcyclist fatalities across the United States, noting that the national fatality rate increased from 55.3 fatalities per 100,000 registered motorcycles in 1997 to 72.2 in 2007, a 31% increase. The author stresses that these numbers are particularly distressing because that occur at a time when traffic safety in general is improving. For example, in 2007, the national motor vehicle occupant fatality rate was 12.3 fatalities per 100,000 registered motor vehicles as compared to 16.2 in 1997, a 24% decrease. The editorial considers three factors that increase the risk of motorcyclist fatalities: riders are older, motorcycle engines are more powerful, and helmets are being worn less frequently. The last factor is the one most easily addressed by public health officials. In 2009, only 20 states and the District of Columbia require all motorcyclists to wear a helmet (universal helmet law). The status of state helmet laws is troubling given the evidence that universal laws increase helmet use and reduce fatalities and that partial coverage laws do not provide protection for even the young motorcyclists that they target. However, the author notes that the trend in state laws appears to be moving even further away from universal helmet laws. From a public health perspective, the case for universal motorcycle helmet laws is strong although in many states the political will to adopt these laws is weak.