Abstract

ion of lived time in clock-time. See, in this regard, Jacques Le Goff, 'Merchant's Time and Church's Time in the Middle Ages' and 'Labour-Time in the Crisis of the Fourteenth Century: From Medieval Time to Modern Time', in Time, Work, and Culture in the Middle Ages, trans. Arthur Goldhammer (Chicago: Chicago Univeristy Press, 1982). 3. St. Augustine, De Trinitate, Bk. XIII, ch. iii 4. Eric Alliez, Capital Times: Tales from the Conquest of Time, trans. Georges Van Den Abbeele (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), p. 105. Cf. Jacques Attali, Noise, trans. Brian Massumi (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985), p. 101 and Histoires du temps (Paris: Fayard, 1982), p. 183 ff. and passim. On the abstraction of time, see also Michel Serres, Hermes: Literature, Science, Philosophy, ed. Josue V. Harari and David F. Bell (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982), pp. 115-16. 5. On the measurement of 'merchant's time' in the fourteenth century, see Le Goff, op. cit., p. 38 and passim. 6. See Augustine, City of God, I, 32; II, 13 and passim. Augustine identifies the theatres with the corruption of the Roman state and the obscenities of worship of false gods in Greece and Rome. 7. Eric Alliez, op. cit., p. 104. Joseph Addison's Spectator presents this homology between spectator and speculator in some striking passages on his commercial relationship with his audience. Addison follows a speculation on the number of readers of his paper (an invisible or ghostly constituency considerably larger — his publisher tells him — than the number of people who have made the financial investment in what Addison calls his daily 'speculations') with an account of his own role as spectral 'spectator' at the telling of a ghost story (Addison here becoming the invisible 'readership'). See Addison, Spectator Nos. 10 and 12. 8. Universal History and Cultural Differences', in The Lyotard Reader, ed. Andrew Benjamin (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989); 'Return upon the Return', 'Time Today*, in The Inhuman, trans. Geoffrey Bennington and Rachel Bowlby (Cambridge: Polity, 1991). 9. The Inhuman, p. 65 10. Giorgio Agamben, Time and History', in Infancy and History, trans. Liz Heron (London: Verso, 1993), p. 91. 11. Ibid. 12. Ibid., p. 100. 13. Walter Benjamin, Theses on the Philosophy of Histor/, in Illuminations, trans. Harry Zohn (London: Fontana, 1992), pp. 252-3.

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