The carbon star R Sculptoris sheds its skin

Abstract

AbstractWe describe near-IR H-band VLTI-PIONIER aperture synthesis images of the carbon AGB star R Sculptoris with an angular resolution of 2.5 mas. The data show a stellar disc of diameter ∼ 9 mas exhibiting a complex substructure including one dominant bright spot with a peak intensity of 40% to 60% above the average intensity. We interpret the complex structure as caused by giant convection cells, resulting in large-scale shock fronts, and their effects on clumpy molecule and dust formation seen against the photosphere at distances of 2–3 stellar radii. Moreover, we derive fundamental parameters of R Scl, which match evolutionary tracks of initial mass 1.5 ± 0.5 M⊙. Our visibility data are best fit by a dynamic model without a wind, which may point to problems with current wind models at low mass-loss rates.