Abstract
BackgroundMicrobiota from different niches within the canine oral cavity were profiled and compared. Supragingival plaque and stimulated saliva, were collected alongside samples from the buccal and tongue dorsum mucosa, from 14 Labrador retrievers at three timepoints within a 1 month timeframe. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced via Illumina MiSeq.ResultsSupragingival plaque microbiota had the highest bacterial diversity and the largest number of significant differences in individual taxa when compared to the other oral niches. Stimulated saliva exhibited the highest variability in microbial composition between dogs, yet the lowest bacterial diversity amongst all the niches. Overall, the bacteria of the buccal and tongue dorsum mucosa were most similar.ConclusionsThe bacterial community profiles indicated three discrete oral niches: soft tissue surfaces (buccal and tongue dorsum mucosa), hard tissue surface (supragingival plaque) and saliva. The ability to distinguish the niches by their microbiota signature offers the potential for microbial biomarkers to be identified in each unique niche for diagnostic use.
Highlights
Microbiota from different niches within the canine oral cavity were profiled and compared
Samples and sequence quality In total, 251 samples were collected from 14 Labrador retrievers: 84 supragingival plaque, 84 buccal mucosa, 42 tongue dorsum mucosa and 41 saliva
Sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region of the remaining 243 samples (84 supragingival plaque, 82 buccal mucosa, 36 tongue dorsum mucosa and 41 saliva) by Illumina MiSeq yielded a total of 44,931,668 forward and 44,931,668 reverse sequence reads from two runs
Summary
Microbiota from different niches within the canine oral cavity were profiled and compared. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced via Illumina MiSeq. The oral cavity represents an amalgamation of diverse, niche habitats all encompassed within a unique environment. As well as the compositional, structural and functional contribution of each component, the interaction of external influences such as food matter and care regimes, and microbial communities create an even more exclusive ecosystem. As a consequence, understanding the role microorganisms play in periodontal disease has influenced the bias towards analysis of subgingival plaque (plaque under the tooth’s gum line) [1, 7, 8]. Subgingival plaque sampling has indicated novelty in the canine microbiota compared to humans, with only 16.4% of taxa shared, and a low abundance of streptococcal species [1]
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