Abstract
BackgroundEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the main pathogens infectious to poultry, and their resistances against antibiotics have become troublesome currently. Biofilm formation is an important reason for drug resistance. Our previous research has found that the extract of Camellia oleifera seeds has lots of pharmacological effects. In order to find the substitute for antibiotics, the saponin was isolated from the defatted C. oleifera seeds with structural identification. Its efficacy was evaluated by the inhibition on amoxicillin-resistant E. coli and erythromycin-resistant S. aureus and therapeutic effect on chicks infected by the two bacteria.ResultsThe bacterial growth inhibition rate increased and the bacterial count in vivo decreased significantly in dose dependence after administration of the saponin and its combination with amoxicillin or erythromycin, suggesting its antibacterial effect. The saponin identified as camelliagenin shows significant inhibition on the biofilm of E. coli and S. aureus, and it is related to the decrease of mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH) activity and extracellular DNA (eDNA) content. Molecular simulation reveals the strong interaction existing between the saponin and MDH or eDNA.ConclusionsThe mechanism of camelliagenin’s improvement on antibiotic effects is its interaction with MDH and eDNA in biofilm. The saponin is a prospective substitute of antibiotics, and molecular simulation is a convenient alternative method to find out hopeful candidates of antibiotics substitute.
Highlights
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the main pathogens infectious to poultry, and their resistances against antibiotics have become troublesome currently
Purity of the extract and structure of the purified compound Natural saponins generally exist in forms of glycosides, and different kinds of glycosides of saponin have been found in seeds of C. oleifera [13]
The camelliagenin is isolated from the defatted seeds of C. oleifera by ultrasonic assisted acid–base alternative technique
Summary
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are the main pathogens infectious to poultry, and their resistances against antibiotics have become troublesome currently. Our previous research has found that the extract of Camellia oleifera seeds has lots of pharmacological effects. Its efficacy was evaluated by the inhibition on amoxicillin-resistant E. coli and erythromycin-resistant S. aureus and therapeutic effect on chicks infected by the two bacteria. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are major pathogenic bacteria infectious to poultry. The pathogen is currently treated by antibiotics, but its resistance against antibiotics can be acquired, and antibiotics lead to the deficiency of therapeutic effects [3]. S. aureus can cause acute septicaemia, arthritis, chick omphalitis, Camellia oleifera, an evergreen plant, mainly grows in the middle region of China. The yield of the seeds dramatically increases in recent years because of plant edible oil requirement and cultivation, the production of defatted
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