Abstract
It has been shown in ionospheric research that calculation of the total electron content (TEC) is an important factor in global navigation system. In this study, TEC calculation was performed over Baghdad city, Iraq, using a combination of two numerical methods called composite Simpson and composite Trapezoidal methods. TEC was calculated using the line integral of the electron density derived from the International reference ionosphere IRI2012 and NeQuick2 models from 70 to 2000 km above the earth surface. The hour of the day and the day number of the year, R12, were chosen as inputs for the calculation techniques to take into account latitudinal, diurnal and seasonal variation of TEC. The results of latitudinal variation of TEC show anomally called equatorial ionization anomally which presents two crests about the geomagnetic equators. The mean absolute percent errors MAPE for two numerical methods using the electron density profiles shown above were 0.0253, 0.02273 and 0.0213, 0.0124 respectively. The results of seasonal variation of TEC show a larger values for spring and autumn equinoxes other than for summer and winter seasons. The MAPE for autumn equinox has the smallest value than for summer, winter seasons and spring equinox. The MAPE for spring equinox equals to 0.01093 and 0.01015 for Simpson and Trapezoidal methods respectively. For autumn, summer and winter, the MAPE equals to 0.005825 and 0.006629 and 0.04682 and 0.0454, 0.01253 and 0.01231 for Simpson and Trapezoidal methods respectively.
Highlights
Users of satellite navigation and satellite communication systems need to assess and monitor ionospheric effects which may degrade their performance [1]
The total electron content TEC is the number of free electrons in a column of unit area along a signal path
The ionospheric delay increasing with TEC along the signal trace [2]
Summary
Users of satellite navigation and satellite communication systems need to assess and monitor ionospheric effects which may degrade their performance [1]. The earth's ionosphere is an important error source for global navigation satellite system GNSS signals. The total electron content TEC is the number of free electrons in a column of unit area along a signal path. The ionospheric delay increasing with TEC along the signal trace [2]. Transionospheric L-band radio signals used by GNSS may experience range errors up to 100 m which proportional to TEC [3]. Great efforts have been made to model the ionospheric environmental through which the radio wave is propagating, as realistically as possible. Empirical modeling means the use of the real data obtained from different stations over the world wild and times, it is difficult to predict the storm dynamics and abnormal variability [4]
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