The C60:C60+ ratio in diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds

Gaël Rouillé,Yvain Carpentier,Serge A Krasnokutski

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142078

Abstract

Context. Insight into the conditions that drive the physics and chemistry in interstellar clouds is gained from determining the abundance and charge state of their components. Aims. We propose an evaluation of the C60:C60+ ratio in diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds that exploits electronic absorption bands so as not to rely on ambiguous IR emission measurements. Methods. The ratio is determined by analyzing archival spectra and literature data. Information on the cation population is obtained from published characteristics of the main diffuse interstellar bands attributed to C60+ and absorption cross sections already reported for the vibronic bands of the cation. The population of neutral molecules is described in terms of upper limits because the relevant vibronic bands of C60 are not brought out by observations. We revise the oscillator strengths reported for C60 and measure the spectrum of the molecule isolated in Ne ice to complete them. Results. We scale down the oscillator strengths for absorption bands of C60 and find an upper limit of approximately 1.3 for the C60:C60+ ratio. Conclusions. We conclude that the fraction of neutral molecules in the buckminsterfullerene population of diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds may be notable despite the non-detection of the expected vibronic bands. More certainty will require improved laboratory data and observations.

Highlights

Mid-IR emission observations revealed the presence of fullereneC60 first in planetary and reflection nebulae (Cami et al 2010; Sellgren et al 2010) and in various astrophysical objects (Cami 2014, and references therein)
We conclude that the fraction of neutral molecules in the buckminsterfullerene population of diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds may be notable despite the non-detection of the expected vibronic bands
C60 is present in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) as well

Summary

Introduction

Mid-IR emission observations revealed the presence of fullerene. C60 first in planetary and reflection nebulae (Cami et al 2010; Sellgren et al 2010) and in various astrophysical objects (Cami 2014, and references therein). Exploiting mid-IR emission observations, Berné et al (2017) found that. C60 is present in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) as well. FEuhllreernefnreeucnadtio19n9C4+6,01,9a9f7te)r, two decades of anticipation it was identified recently as the carrier of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) observed at near-. After several carrier is considered to be tests, the identification of firm (Cordiner et al 2019, aCn+6d0 references therein), diffuse ISM. The ubiquity of C60 fullerene makes it an attractive species for probing various astrophysical environments (Brieva et al.2016, and references therein).

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion