The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

Abstract

With the rapid growth of hydrogen and associated initiatives, there is a need to review the state of knowledge on hydrogen business models, and to specifically understand efficient production and distribution to the transport sector. Previous studies have focused on specific parts of business models, such as revenue streams, price models or profitability, but have failed to take a holistic approach to business models that also includes analyzes of value proposition, customer segments, relationships and channels as well as partnerships, resources and activities required to achieve the value proposition. This study adopts a holistic view of business models and conducts a review of the current state of business models in hydrogen followed by an analysis of the future boundary conditions that hydrogen actors need to account for in 2050. Investor perspectives on the industry are also adressed Based on these insights, two future-oriented business models are proposed and validated with stakeholders and investors in hydrogen.