Abstract
Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia has a population of 6 million people who have high mortality rates for chronic lung diseases. The mountainous geography, widespread use of biomass fuels for cooking and indoor heating, and high rates of smoking are the major contributing factors. We have estimated the number of serious fungal infections in order to define the burden of these diseases in Kyrgyzstan. We estimated 774 cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) as a sequel of tuberculosis (TB); CPA occurs as a sequel of multiple conditions, so a total prevalence of 3097 cases was estimated, which is among the highest rates in the world. An estimated 2205 patients have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and 2911 have severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS), which may be an underestimate. There are approximately 292 cases of invasive aspergillosis annually. The number of adult women who get recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is 175,949. We approximated 787 cases of oral and 294 cases of esophageal candidiasis, 25 cases of cryptococcal meningitis, and 101 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia annually in HIV-positive patients. The incidence of candidemia was estimated at 300. We have estimated that a total of 185,961 people (3% of the population) have serious fungal infection in Kyrgyzstan. Given this burden, diagnostic improvements are necessary.
Highlights
Serious fungal infections complicate many other disorders, affecting those with cancer, AIDS, and chronic respiratory disease, as well as critically ill hospitalized patients [1,2]
Poor hospital infection control procedures and antibiotic abuse increase the risk of life-threatening invasive candidiasis
Even in countries with developed economies, there are limited epidemiological studies that focus on serious fungal infection [5,6]
Summary
Serious fungal infections complicate many other disorders, affecting those with cancer, AIDS, and chronic respiratory disease, as well as critically ill hospitalized patients [1,2]. Poor hospital infection control procedures and antibiotic abuse increase the risk of life-threatening invasive candidiasis. Even in countries with developed economies, there are limited epidemiological studies (besides those on candidemia) that focus on serious fungal infection [5,6]. There is a lack of awareness of this problem from most healthcare authorities. This hinders better understanding of the problem due to the insufficient allocation of resources. It was estimated that only 1.4%–2.5% of the infection and
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