Abstract
BackgroundAsthma is a common respiratory disease in children. We aimed to update information about the incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of childhood asthma and provide evidence-based recommendations for childhood asthma prevention.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, which was conducted from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries. First, we estimated incidence, mortality and DALY rates of childhood asthma using a Bayesian meta-regression model. Second, we analyzed the relationship between the sociodemographic index (SDI) and DALYs in different age groups. Third, we studied changes in trends of the age-standardized DALY rate between 1990 and 2019 based on age group, SDI, and risk factors.ResultsGlobally, the number of deaths due to childhood asthma and the incidence and DALY rates were 12.9 thousand (95% UI 10.6 to 15.7), 22 million (95% UI 15 to 31), and 5.1 million (95% UI 3.4 to 7.5) in 2019, decreasing by 65.1% (95% UI 47.6 to 72.4), 5.3% (95% UI 2.6 to 8.8) and 30% (95% UI 18 to 41) from those in 1990, respectively. With the exception of high-SDI regions, the age-standardized DALY rate in all age groups in all SDI regions declined. In 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate in 1- to 4-year-old individuals was highest in low-SDI regions and that of 5- to 19-year-old individuals was highest in high-SDI regions. In contrast to low-SDI regions, individuals in high-SDI regions had a higher risk of DALYs due to asthma, except in those aged 1 to 4 years. A high body mass index (BMI) was a stronger risk factor than occupational asthmagens for childhood asthma.ConclusionOur findings provide insight into asthma prevention and treatment through the identification of key factors related to childhood asthma. Based on the data available, different risk factors according to age group and region/country suggest different prevention strategies, which is key for preventing childhood asthma.
Highlights
Childhood asthma is a major common chronic respiratory illness characterized by wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and airflow limitation, which affects daily life [1, 2]
In 2019, 12.9 thousand (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 10.6 to 15.7 thousand) children died from asthma
The greatest decrease in the age-standardized mortality rate was in the high-middle-sociodemographic index (SDI) group, and the number of incident childhood asthma cases was estimated to be nearly 22 million (95% UI 15 to 31 million)
Summary
Childhood asthma is a major common chronic respiratory illness characterized by wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and airflow limitation, which affects daily life [1, 2]. Due to a lack of understanding of health care for childhood asthma, reduced treatment efficacy and incomplete control of lung damage may occur [5]. Childhood asthma imposes the highest disability burden, causing almost 13.8 million days of absence from school in the United States in 2013. We estimated the disability burden of childhood asthma based on disabilityadjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019 by region and country as well as by age. We aimed to update information about the incidence and mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of childhood asthma and provide evidence-based recommendations for childhood asthma prevention
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