The brutalism in of sacred space formation

Abstract

The architectural styles of the second half of the 20th century are analyzed, in particular, brutalism, which was the result of a negative assessment of the situation in the culture of the late 19th century. Opinions of leading theorists of culture are presented. Features characteristic of the culture of the end of the century are presented.
 The architecture of sacred structures built according to the principle of engineering science is considered. It is determined that created objects. It was found that many attitudes and formulas can be associated with the concept of brutalism in sacred architecture. In particular, that in its development brutalism became more and more susceptible to the influence of selected artistic traditions and drew inspiration from pre-war expressionism, Soviet constructivism, the late works of Le Corbusier, as well as the existentialist atmosphere of Nigel Henderson's photography and Edward's sculpture.
 The view is presented that brutalism was the result of industrial development and the popularity of ideologies that appealed to the lower social classes. Despite this, the author did not avoid obvious eccentricity, the desire to make the building unique and even some cruelty in the expression and beauty of the opera performance. The latter aspiration is connected with the departure of brutalism from leftist sympathies to the ideologies of the middle class and consumer society.
 The forms of individual sacred structures and ways of organizing their interiors in brutalist forms are analyzed.
 The use of the metaphorical language of architecture based on visual human products and their iconographic distinguishing features is considered.
 The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages through which they are transmitted in the shaping of the sacred space has been revealed.
 The trends in the shaping of sacred space in the 20th century, the role of local traditions and natural materials are revealed.