Abstract
The manufacturing techniques, chemical composition and corrosion products grown on archaeological bronze shields found during the excavation of the Ayanis fortress (Lake Van region, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey) were studied by means of the combined use of scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM) techniques. The shields are dated back to 673–645 BC and in some cases are decorated with cuneiform inscriptions and ornaments representing various animals, such as lions and bulls.
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