Abstract
The subject of the paper is reflections on the consequences of Brexit for the functioning of the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland. The author explains what this border means when the United Kingdom is no longer a member of the European Union, and thus the border may be a barrier to the free movement of people, goods, capital and services. At the same time, it is stressed that the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union will have a significant impact on the change of the function of this border, which from then on is no longer an internal border of the Union.
 The aim of the paper is therefore to analyse the consequences of this change, with a simultaneous indication of different models of the UK’s functioning with relation to the European Union and their impact on the British-Irish relations, especially with regard to the various dimensions of the border as a barrier.
 The article presents various scenarios of solutions that will determine their mutual relations as a result of negotiations between the European Union and Great Britain, especially with regard to access to the single European market, which in turn will be influenced by the border between Ireland and Northern Ireland in the scope of the free movement of people, goods, capital and services. The author used the system analysis method and the comparative method.
 The author puts forward the thesis that if the negotiations cause a fairly strong loosening of relations between the UK and the European Union, to mitigate the consequences of such a situation for the Irish-British relations, it will be necessary to find and develop bilateral solutions that will facilitate border crossing. The Smart Border 2.0 concept can constitute such a solution.
Highlights
Grzegorz BALAWAJDERThe existence of national borders stems primarily from the attribution of territory to states and from the territoriality instinct inherent in human communities
The aim of the paper is to analyse the consequences of this change, with a simultaneous indication of different models of the UK’s functioning with relation to the European Union and their impact on the British-Irish relations, especially with regard to the various dimensions of the border as a barrie
The European Union is an integration structure of countries within which the division into internal and external borders has become the most visible. It represents the highest level of economic integration and, on the other hand, it is an expression of the establishment of institutional conditions for the citizens of Member States to exercise their right to travel freely, work, study or reside in a chosen country of the area. This freedom of movement is linked to the disappearance of the functions of internal borders seen as barriers (Balawajder, 2017: 201–202)
Summary
The existence of national borders stems primarily from the attribution of territory to states and from the territoriality instinct inherent in human communities. It represents the highest level of economic integration (an economic and monetary union) and, on the other hand, it is an expression of the establishment of institutional conditions for the citizens of Member States to exercise their right to travel freely, work, study or reside in a chosen country of the area This freedom of movement is linked to the disappearance of the functions of internal borders seen as barriers (Balawajder, 2017: 201–202). It can be concluded that, under the current conditions, after the formalization of Brexit, the status of the Irish-British border is determined by the following factors: 1) the former membership of the United Kingdom and the lasting membership of the Republic of Ireland in the European Union, 2) the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, 3) the functioning of both countries in the Common Travel Area (CTA).
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