Abstract
Abstract The article analyzes the condition of the Brazilian Nursing workforce when confronted with international trends. Diagnoses in publications by international organizations marked the confrontation of international trends with the reality of Brazilian Nursing, based on secondary research data. The analysis allows asserting that the Brazilian Nursing workforce follows international trends, essentially, because the social and sexual division of work and the foundations of the origin of Nursing as a capitalist occupation are maintained. At the same time, the historical-structural assumption of female proletarianization is based on the following: the disparities between men and women in pay and access to prominent positions in the market; combined inequalities across nations and regions in the supply of the labor market, which stimulates immigration of professionals; exploitation of older professionals, in the context of restricted access to retirement and labor rights; and exposure to violence and harassment, associated with the potential for overload and work intensification, which result in workers contracting diseases. In summary, it is observed that the pillars of female proletarianization and professionalization of Nursing remain in today's differentiated forms of workforce exploitation, being configured depending on the intersections of gender, racial-ethnicity, and regional-nationality.
Highlights
The work of health occupations was taken as a study object by founding authors of Brazilian collective health (DONNANGELO, 1976; AROUCA, 2003), initially with analyses that focused on the medical practice, since the departments of origin of these researchers were in medical schools
The quantitative progression of scientific production, does not do justice to the weight that Nursing has in the work of health occupations, as demonstrated by the data, which point to the presence of more than 1.8 million professionals1, making up more than 50% of the health workforce in Brazil (MACHADO, 2017)
In the historiography of the institutionalization of Nursing, English pioneering is associated with wars in which men fought and women cared for people; the core of the social division of work cannot be reduced to the military “campaignist” logic
Summary
The work of health occupations was taken as a study object by founding authors of Brazilian collective health (DONNANGELO, 1976; AROUCA, 2003), initially with analyses that focused on the medical practice, since the departments of origin of these researchers were in medical schools. Studies on the Nursing work in Brazil have focused mainly on the issues of the capitalist social division in health and the manifestations of the forms of work organization in the professional routine. The capitalist constitution of Nursing, that is, the transition from charitable, religious, or vocational activity to professional occupation, occurred in the context of the Industrial Revolution. In this process, modern Nursing became a reality, with the establishment of rational and disciplinary methods of hospital routines (ORNELLAS, 1998)
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