Abstract
The reduction in the availability of fossil fuel increased the search for alternative fuel sources (for example, ethanol). In the Brazilian market, light duty vehicles can be fueled with gasohol (18 up to 27.5 %v/v of anhydrous ethanol in gasoline) and/or hydrous ethanol. To minimize the risk of water-induced phase separation of gasoline-ethanol blends, anhydrous ethanol is blended into gasoline at the distribution terminal, rather than distributing it through pipelines. Pure ethanol can be distributed through pipelines or trucks, and in pipeline cases almost all are not exclusive. To monitor the ethanol quality, several fuel sampling points are indicated: storage tanks, pipelines, and ship, if applicable. For these samples, it is important to evaluate the following parameters indicative of product quality: hydrocarbon and water amount, color, conductivity, and acidity. Monitoring ethanol storage, transport and distribution is important to maintain the ethanol quality until the final consumer.
Highlights
The reduction in petroleum reserves, the perspective of supply disruptions, price volatility, as well as environmental issues, have led to the consideration of alternative and renewable liquid fuels to replace conventional petroleum-derived fuels.Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, with 32.6% of global energy consumption
In 1979, with the consolidation of ProAlcool, the government fixed the addition of 20 %v/v of anhydrous ethanol to gasoline
It is known that water can be removed from ethanol only to a certain degree by traditional distillation methods, and another relatively energy costly process removes the remaining water, a fact that makes anhydrous ethanol approximately 20–25% more energy demanding to produce than the ethanol/water azeotrope (Larsen et al, 2009)
Summary
(Submitted: February 19, 2015 ; Revised: July 10, 2015 ; Accepted: July 14, 2016). Abstract - The reduction in the availability of fossil fuel increased the search for alternative fuel sources (for example, ethanol). To minimize the risk of water-induced phase separation of gasoline-ethanol blends, anhydrous ethanol is blended into gasoline at the distribution terminal, rather than distributing it through pipelines. Pure ethanol can be distributed through pipelines or trucks, and in pipeline cases almost all are not exclusive. To monitor the ethanol quality, several fuel sampling points are indicated: storage tanks, pipelines, and ship, if applicable. For these samples, it is important to evaluate the following parameters indicative of product quality: hydrocarbon and water amount, color, conductivity, and acidity. Monitoring ethanol storage, transport and distribution is important to maintain the ethanol quality until the final consumer.
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