Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric condition of children worldwide. This disorder is defined by a combination of symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Diagnosis is based on a sufficient number of symptoms causing impairment in these two domains determining several problems in personal and academic life. Although genetic and environmental factors are important in ADHD etiology, how these factors influence the brain and consequently behavior is still under debate. It seems to be consensus that a frontosubcortical dysfunction is responsible, at least in part, for the ADHD phenotype spectrum. The main results from association and pharmacogenetic studies performed in Brazil are discussed. The investigations performed so far on ADHD genetics in Brazil and elsewhere are far from conclusive. New plausible biological hypotheses linked to neurotransmission and neurodevelopment, as well as new analytic approaches are needed to fully disclose the genetic component of the disorder.
Highlights
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric condition affecting approximately 5.3% of children and adolescents worldwide
As currently recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), these dimensions may be expressed at different extents among children with ADHD defining three clinical subtypes: primarily inattentive, primarily hyperactive/impulsive, and combined subtypes of the disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1994)
ADHD patients treated with MPH, No significant association was detected between Zeni et al, 2007 outcome measures by SNAP IV#, polymorphisms studied
Summary
Júlia Pasqualini Genro, Tatiana Roman, Luis Augusto Rohde and Mara Helena Hutz2 1Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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