Abstract
A 4-factor multiplicative mathematical model was built in order to find the best mode of cavitation processing of aqueous media, in which the value of heat energy released during cavitation is maximal. The model links the heat energy value with technological (inlet pressure in the cavitator) and design (nozzle diametre, the number of nozzles, the angle of attack jets) parametres. The adequacy of the derived regression equation is confirmed by the Fisher criterion (F<F T =0.203<1.51). The accuracy of the model has been assessed by the coefficient of determination and the mean relative error of approximation (e MRE =5.85 %). The analysis of the 4-factor multiplicative model allowed finding the optimal conditions for cavitation processing of liquid-phase media; they are as follows: inlet pressure – 0.54–0.6 MPa, nozzle diametre – 1.6 mm, the number of nozzles – 4–5, and the angle of attack jets – 144–170 degrees. It is found that, in comparison with the absence of air, the content of air of 2±0.25 % by the volume of an aqueous medium greatly intensifies the formation of the “flotation” layer (its height, dispersibility of bubbles, and gas saturation). The derived multifunctional dependence allows controlling the effectiveness of cavitation processing of aqueous media by means of changing the design parametres of cavitating parts.
Highlights
An efficient use of energy resources is a priority in the energy policies of the EU and the entire world
The aforementioned facts prove that high efficiency of cavitation processing of liquid-phase media require a thorough analysing of the effect of design parametres of hydrodynamic cavitators on the energy efficiency of the process, including the amount of heat energy released during cavitation
To achieve the above goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: (1) to use experimental research in building a 4-factor mathematical model that would link the value of heat energy with technological and design parametres; (2) to verify the adequacy of the constructed model and its accuracy; (3) to analyse the graphical interpretation of the model of cavitation processing of aqueous media; (4) to measure the impact of small amounts of air on the intensity of cavitation and the attendant flotation effect
Summary
An efficient use of energy resources is a priority in the energy policies of the EU and the entire world. There increases the share of alternative and renewable energy sources, such as biofuels, solar, wind, water and geothermal energy, in the structure of the world power supply. Implementation of the principle of energy conservation is vividly illustrated by cavitation processing of liquid-phase homogeneous and heterogeneous media, such as water [2], domestic and industrial wastewater and liquid waste [3, 4], oil fractions [5], and coal-water mixtures [6]. The efficiency of liquid-phase media cavitation processing depends on the intensity of cavitation bubble splashing and can be measured by the amount of heat energy released during cavitation. The relevance of the research consists in the necessity to determine the optimal operating mode of cavitation generators that leads to releasing the maximum amount of heat energy
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