Abstract
Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) affects children’s physical and mental health with a high rate. However, its neural mechanism is still unclear. Studies have found that the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is among the key brain regions implicated with awakening regulation and its control of the transition between sleep and wakening is dependent on signaling through the PVT-nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway. So this study analyzed the function of brain regions and their connectivity of PVT and NAc. A total of twenty-six PNE and typically developing (TD) children were involved in the study and the methods of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) were used to analyze the brain functions. Results showed that there was no statistical significant difference in ALFF and DC between PNE and TD children in bilateral PVT and NAc. And there was statistical significant difference of the comparison of the FC of left PVT (lPVT) and left NAc (lNAc) between PNE and TD children. Meanwhile, there was negative correlation between awakening score and the FC of rPVT and lNAc, and no obvious correlation between awakening score and the FC of lPVT and lNAc in PNE children. Meanwhile, there was both negative correlation between awakening score and the FC of lPVT, rPTV and lNAc in TD children. Therefore, the FC between rPVT and lNAc was more reliable in assessing the degree of awakening ability in PNE children. This finding could help establish the evaluation index of PNE.
Highlights
Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) affects children’s physical and mental health with a high rate
Hu et al found that the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) play the role of awakening regulation by forming an excitatory synaptic functional connection with the nucleus accumbens (NAc)
This study found that there was no statistical significant difference in amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) between PNE and typically developing (TD) children in bilateral PVT and NAc
Summary
Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) affects children’s physical and mental health with a high rate. Studies have found that the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is among the key brain regions implicated with awakening regulation and its control of the transition between sleep and wakening is dependent on signaling through the PVT-nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway. In order to study the function of the PVT-NAc pathway in PNE children, this study will adopt the analysis technique of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to study the function of separate brain regions of PVT and NAc and the functional connection between them. The difference between this study and those studies was that this study focused on the key brain region of awakening (PVT), as well as NAc which was found to form an important pathway of awakening with PVT, so as to study the awakening dysfunction in children with PNE through the function and correlation of these two brain regions
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