Abstract
Abstract This paper focuses on images of human Vaiṣṇava figures holding a book in their hands, and the history and significance of this iconographic detail. The paper argues that in Vaiṣṇava South India, the book as an iconographic marker of human figures is a fairly recent development, though its roots can be situated in the period of the Vijayanagara Empire. The paper also demonstrates that while the book itself may appear as a stable iconographic marker, the meanings attached to it for different figures is not, thereby problematising the notion of iconographic code.
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