Abstract
Genomic instability and immune evasion are hallmarks of cancer. Apoptotic cancer stem cells can evade cell death by undergoing cellular transformation by constructing "blebbishields" from apoptotic bodies. In this study, we report a novel linkage between genomic instability and phagocytosis evasion that is coordinated by the blebbishield emergency program. Blebbishield emergency program evaded genomic instability checkpoint, expressed genomic instability-associated genes at distinct phases of cellular transformation, exhibited chromosomal instability, and promoted increase in nuclear size. Blebbishields fused with immune cells to evade phagocytosis, and the resultant hybrid cells exhibited increased migration, tumorigenesis, metastasis, red blood cell recruitment to tumors, and induced hepatosplenomegaly with signatures of genomic instability, blebbishield emergency program, and phagocytosis evasion to offer poor prognosis. Overall, our data demonstrate that the blebbishield emergency program drives evasion of chromosomal instability and phagocytosis checkpoints by apoptotic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6144-56. ©2017 AACR.
Highlights
The common cold cannot yet be prevented so doctors and patients have to be satisfied with whatever they think lessens the misery of its symptoms
Nasal obstruction, and overall response to treatment were significantly improved (p
The popular supposition that concurrent treatment with an antihistamine and a decongestant provides some relief of symptoms is reflected by the vast consumption of proprietary formulations of this kind
Summary
The common cold cannot yet be prevented so doctors and patients have to be satisfied with whatever they think lessens the misery of its symptoms. The popular supposition that concurrent treatment with an antihistamine and a decongestant provides some relief of symptoms is reflected by the vast consumption of proprietary formulations of this kind. Wellconducted studies have not shown any benefit from such treatment, at least with antihistamines.' We examined the effects of a decongestant and antihistamine combination in a study using only subjective criteria. Clinical Research Division, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS. C E BYE, MA, statistician A S E FOWLE, MD, FRCP, head of department of clinical pharmacology E LETLEY, PHD, MRCP, clinical pharmacologist J O'GRADY, MB, MRcp, clinical pharmacologist. Wellcome Medical Division, Wellcome Foundation Ltd, Crewe, Cheshire CW1 lUB. J COOPER, MB, head of scientific services division We attempted to see whether symptoms of the common cold were influenced differently by treatment with an antihistamine (triprolidine) and a decongestant (pseudoephedrine) separately and in combination, or by a dummy treatment
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