Abstract
ered the inaugural address to the American Negro Academy. His oration, Civilization, the Primal Need of the Race, marks the birth of the twentieth-century black intellectual tradition.1 Crummell, the scholar whom W.E.B. Du Bois memorialized through a haunting tribute in The Souls of Black Folk, issued a challenge to the members of the Academy. He demanded that black intellectuals recognize and accept their responsibilities as the cultured and civilized leaders of the race. Black
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