Abstract
BackgroundAnopheles merus, a sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex occurs along the East African coast but its biology and role in malaria transmission in this region is poorly understood. We evaluated the blood feeding pattern and the role of this species in malaria transmission in Malindi district, Coastal Kenya.MethodsAdult mosquitoes were collected indoors by CDC light traps and Pyrethrum Spray Catch and outdoors by CDC light traps. Anopheles females were identified to species by morphological characteristics and sibling species of An. gambiae complex distinguished by rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Screening for host blood meal sources and presence or absence of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite proteins was achieved by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA).ResultsAnopheles merus comprised 77.8% of the 387 Anopheles gambiae s.l adults that were collected. Other sibling species of Anopheles gambiae s.l identified in the study site included An. arabiensis(3.6%), and An. gambiae s.s. (8%). The human blood index for An. merus was 0.12, while the sporozoite rate was 0.3%.ConclusionThese findings suggest that An. merus can play a minor role in malaria transmission along the Kenyan Coast and should be a target for vector control which in turn could be applied in designing and implementing mosquito control programmes targeting marsh-breeding mosquitoes; with the ultimate goal being to reduce the transmission of malaria associated with these vectors.
Highlights
Anopheles merus, a sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex occurs along the East African coast but its biology and role in malaria transmission in this region is poorly understood
In Kenya, three members of the An. gambiae complex are responsible for malaria transmission including An. gambiae s.s, An. arabiensis and An. merus [1,2,3]
The inability to morphologically distinguish between the three sibling species complicates the planning and maintenance of vector control activities in areas where these species co-occur [4,5], because they differ in their ecology and behaviour and contribute asymmetrically to malaria transmission
Summary
A sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex occurs along the East African coast but its biology and role in malaria transmission in this region is poorly understood. The inability to morphologically distinguish between the three sibling species complicates the planning and maintenance of vector control activities in areas where these species co-occur [4,5], because they differ in their ecology and behaviour and contribute asymmetrically to malaria transmission. Proper identification of these species in a particular region can pave way for meaningful studies on their breeding, oviposition, biting, resting and feeding behaviour all of which are essential for successful management of these species. The overall goal of the studies in this paper was to examine the ecology and behaviour of An. merus and its role in malaria parasite transmission in Garithe area of Malindi District along the Kenyan coast
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