The biology and role of vernix

Abstract

This article summarizes available data on the biology and potential role(s) of vernix caseosa during late pregnancy and early postnatal adaptation. Vernix is a uniquely human material with structural and functional similarities to the outermost layer of the epidermis, ie, stratum corneum. Vernix consists of hydrated fetal corneocytes embedded in a hydrophobic matrix composed of a mixture of sebaceous and epidermal barrier lipids. Approximately 80% of vernix is water; the high water content of vernix serves to distinguish it from other skin barrier creams. Specific anti-infective and antioxidant molecules have recently been reported in vernix. These findings are consistent with biological roles that are more complex than simple waterproofing or moisturization. A specific endocrine-based mechanism responsible for vernix formation in utero is put forward as a working conceptual model. Preterm infants lack both a stratum corneum and a protective mantle of vernix. Clinically, the application of vernix or a synthetic analog may prove useful for improving barrier status in preterm infants and other conditions characterized by compromised epidermal barrier function. Given the importance of skin care in nursing in general, research on vernix biology may be a fruitful area for nursing science and the development of evidence-based nursing practice. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company